伺服驅(qu)動器常見故障診(zhen)斷:
過載
通(tong)常當進給運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的負載(zai)過(guo)大(da),頻繁正、反(fan)向(xiang)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)以及傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)鏈潤滑不(bu)良或斜鐵有研傷(shang),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)缸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力線接地等(deng)(deng)原因(yin)時(shi)(shi),均會引(yin)起伺服電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流大(da),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)溫度過(guo)高或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)過(guo)載(zai)報警(jing)(jing)。有時(shi)(shi)機(ji)(ji)床運(yun)行的過(guo)程中驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)控(kong)制單(dan)元、驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)元件、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)本身(shen)故(gu)障也會引(yin)起過(guo)載(zai)報警(jing)(jing)。一般(ban)會在(zai)數(shu)控(kong)系統的顯(xian)示(shi)器上(shang)顯(xian)示(shi)伺服電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)過(guo)載(zai)、過(guo)熱或過(guo)流等(deng)(deng)報警(jing)(jing)信息(xi)。同時(shi)(shi),在(zai)強(qiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)柜(ju)中的進給驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)單(dan)元上(shang)、指示(shi)燈或數(shu)碼(ma)管會提示(shi)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)單(dan)元過(guo)載(zai)、過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流等(deng)(deng)信息(xi)。
爬行
發生在起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)加速段或(huo)低速進給時,一般(ban)是由于進給傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鏈的(de)潤滑狀態不良、伺服(fu)(fu)系統增(zeng)益低及外加負載過(guo)大(da)等(deng)因素所致。尤其要注意的(de)是:伺服(fu)(fu)電動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機和(he)滾珠絲杠聯接用的(de)聯軸器,由于聯接松(song)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)或(huo)聯軸器本身(shen)的(de)缺陷(xian),如裂紋等(deng),造成滾珠絲杠與伺服(fu)(fu)電動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機的(de)轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)不同步,從而使(shi)進給運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)忽快(kuai)忽慢,產生爬行現象。
振動
在進給(gei)(尤其是低速(su)(su))時(shi),,如測速(su)(su)裝(zhuang)置故障(zhang)、測速(su)(su)反饋(kui)信(xin)號(hao)干(gan)擾(rao)(rao)等;速(su)(su)度(du)控制(zhi)信(xin)號(hao)不(bu)穩定或(huo)(huo)受到干(gan)擾(rao)(rao);接線端(duan)子接觸不(bu)良,如螺釘(ding)松動等。當振動發生(sheng)在由正方(fang)向(xiang)運動與反向(xiang)運動的(de)換向(xiang)瞬間時(shi),一(yi)般是由于進給(gei)傳動鏈的(de)反向(xiang)間隙或(huo)(huo)伺服系統增益(yi)過(guo)大所致。機床以(yi)高速(su)(su)運行時(shi),可(ke)能產生(sheng)振動,這時(shi)就會出(chu)現過(guo)流(liu)報警。機床振動問(wen)題(ti)一(yi)般屬于速(su)(su)度(du)問(wen)題(ti),所以(yi)就應(ying)去查找速(su)(su)度(du)環;而機床速(su)(su)度(du)的(de)整個調節(jie)過(guo)程是由速(su)(su)度(du)調節(jie)器(qi)來完(wan)成的(de),即(ji)凡是與速(su)(su)度(du)有關的(de)問(wen)題(ti),應(ying)該去查找速(su)(su)度(du)調節(jie)器(qi),因此振動問(wen)題(ti)應(ying)查找速(su)(su)度(du)調節(jie)器(qi)。主要從給(gei)定信(xin)號(hao)、反饋(kui)信(xin)號(hao)及速(su)(su)度(du)調節(jie)器(qi)本身這三方(fang)面(mian)去查找故障(zhang)。
伺服電(dian)動機(ji)不轉
驅(qu)動(dong)單(dan)元除了(le)速(su)度控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)信(xin)號外,還有使能控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)信(xin)號,一(yi)般為(wei)DC+24V直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。伺(si)服(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)不(bu)轉(zhuan),常用的(de)診斷(duan)方法(fa)有:檢(jian)查數控(kong)(kong)系統是否(fou)有速(su)度控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)信(xin)號輸出;檢(jian)查使能信(xin)號是否(fou)接通(tong)。通(tong)過數控(kong)(kong)系統的(de)顯(xian)示器觀察I/O狀態,分析機(ji)(ji)床的(de)PLC梯形圖(或流程圖)以確定(ding)進給(gei)軸的(de)起動(dong)條(tiao)件,如潤滑、冷卻等是否(fou)滿(man)足;對帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)制(zhi)動(dong)的(de)伺(si)服(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji),應檢(jian)查電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)制(zhi)動(dong)是否(fou)釋放;檢(jian)查進給(gei)驅(qu)動(dong)單(dan)元故障,伺(si)服(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)是否(fou)故障。
位置誤差
當(dang)伺(si)服軸動(dong)動(dong)超過位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)允差(cha)(cha)范圍時,數控(kong)系統就會產生位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)誤差(cha)(cha)過大的(de)報(bao)警,包(bao)括(kuo)跟隨誤差(cha)(cha)、輪廓誤差(cha)(cha)和定位(wei)(wei)誤差(cha)(cha)等。主要原(yuan)因有:系統設(she)定的(de)允許范圍小;伺(si)服系統增益設(she)置(zhi)不當(dang);位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)檢測裝(zhuang)置(zhi)有污染或調整不當(dang);進(jin)給傳(chuan)動(dong)鏈累積誤差(cha)(cha)過大:主軸箱垂直運動(dong)時平衡裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(如平衡液壓缸等)不穩。
漂移
漂(piao)移是指(zhi)當給(gei)定(ding)指(zhi)令值(zhi)為(wei)零時,坐標(biao)軸仍移動。通過(guo)數(shu)控系統誤差補償(chang)和(he)驅動單元的零速調(diao)整來(lai)消除不了
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